Respiratory medicine, thrombosis and critical care · FICTIONAL CASE

Pulmonary embolism after surgery: stable for now is not low risk

Treat confirmed pulmonary embolism with right-heart strain while planning for deterioration and major postoperative bleeding risk.

Risk reassessment and rescue planning15 minutes0/3 decisions explored
PAUSE BEFORE USING

This is educational content, not a clinical protocol. Verify current guidance, use local pathways and seek appropriate senior or specialist help.

THE CASE

A fictional 57-year-old becomes acutely breathless four days after hip surgery. CTPA confirms pulmonary embolism; troponin is elevated and echocardiography shows right-ventricular dysfunction. Blood pressure is 101/64 mmHg without clinical shock.

01 · INITIAL PRESENTATION

Listen for the assumption.

SHO

The troponin and right-ventricular changes mean I should thrombolyse immediately.

Registrar

They mark increased risk, but the patient is currently haemodynamically stable and has just had major surgery. What does current UK guidance say about routine systemic thrombolysis?

SHO

It should not be offered while haemodynamically stable. I will anticoagulate appropriately, monitor closely and agree a rescue plan now.

WHERE IS THE CONSULTANT?

Choose an answer below and reveal the reasoning to see consultant feedback at every checkpoint. The full consultant-led synthesis follows after all three decisions.

Go to the first decision ↓
EVOLVING INFORMATION

The picture develops.

  1. Persistent tachycardia
  2. Elevated troponin and right-ventricular dysfunction
  3. Recent major orthopaedic surgery increases bleeding risk
02 · DECISION CHECKPOINTS

Commit before you reveal.

After you select an option, reveal the model reasoning and the consultant’s feedback.

DECISION 1What is the immediate treatment principle while haemodynamically stable?
DECISION 2What should be decided before deterioration occurs?
DECISION 3If haemodynamic instability develops, what is required?
03 · CONSULTANT-LED SYNTHESIS

Hear the senior team refine the plan.

The registrar tests the plan, the consultant synthesises the key principle, and the SHO confirms the safer next steps.

Registrar

Use an appropriate monitored setting, trend haemodynamics and oxygenation, and define exactly what would trigger immediate escalation.

Consultant

Avoid relying on a single systolic-pressure cut-off. Assess shock, persistent hypotension, trajectory, right-heart strain and bleeding risk together.

SHO

I will document anticoagulation, monitoring frequency, escalation triggers and the named team for rescue reperfusion decisions.

CLINORA DECISION TRACE
01 · CUEStable PE with right-ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury
02 · INTERPRETRaised deterioration risk with substantial postoperative bleeding risk
03 · ACTAnticoagulate, monitor and pre-plan rescue escalation
SAFETY CHECK

What must remain explicit.

  • Follow the current local PE and anticoagulation pathway.
  • Escalate any shock, persistent hypotension, syncope or worsening oxygen requirement immediately.
  • Make reperfusion decisions with senior multidisciplinary expertise.
COMMON ERRORS

Where reasoning fails.

  • Routine thrombolysis while stable
  • Calling the case low risk because blood pressure is preserved
  • No rescue plan
STRUCTURED HANDOVER
Confirmed PE with haemodynamics [trend], oxygen requirement [trend], RV/biomarker findings [summary], bleeding risks [details], anticoagulation [drug/time] and rescue triggers/decision-makers [plan].
REFLECTIVE PAUSE

What escalation trigger would make you call the PE response team before overt shock?