Acute medicine, psychiatry and gastroenterology · FICTIONAL CASE

Agitation, confusion and ataxia: withdrawal is not the whole diagnosis

Treat severe alcohol withdrawal while recognising possible Wernicke’s encephalopathy and avoiding common medication errors.

Complication recognition and parallel treatment15 minutes0/3 decisions explored
PAUSE BEFORE USING

This is educational content, not a clinical protocol. Verify current guidance, use local pathways and seek appropriate senior or specialist help.

THE CASE

A fictional 61-year-old admitted after a fall becomes tremulous and agitated, then develops confusion, gait ataxia and abnormal eye movements.

01 · INITIAL PRESENTATION

Listen for the assumption.

SHO

I attributed every feature to withdrawal and prescribed oral vitamins for tomorrow.

Registrar

The neurological features raise suspected Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which requires prompt parenteral thiamine while withdrawal and alternative causes are managed.

SHO

I will assess glucose, injury, infection, liver disease and medication effects in parallel.

WHERE IS THE CONSULTANT?

Choose an answer below and reveal the reasoning to see consultant feedback at every checkpoint. The full consultant-led synthesis follows after all three decisions.

Go to the first decision ↓
EVOLVING INFORMATION

The picture develops.

  1. Confusion with gait and ocular abnormalities
  2. Poor nutritional intake
  3. Autonomic withdrawal features are present
02 · DECISION CHECKPOINTS

Commit before you reveal.

After you select an option, reveal the model reasoning and the consultant’s feedback.

DECISION 1What is the safest diagnostic approach?
DECISION 2What route does NICE recommend for suspected Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
DECISION 3What should happen if delirium tremens develops during treatment?
03 · CONSULTANT-LED SYNTHESIS

Hear the senior team refine the plan.

The registrar tests the plan, the consultant synthesises the key principle, and the SHO confirms the safer next steps.

Registrar

Use a monitored withdrawal regimen appropriate to the setting and do not let a score replace clinical assessment.

Consultant

Correct. Treat suspected Wernicke’s promptly, assess capacity and safeguarding, and plan ongoing alcohol support after stabilisation.

SHO

I will document thiamine timing, withdrawal treatment, neurological trajectory and competing diagnoses.

CLINORA DECISION TRACE
01 · CUEWithdrawal features plus confusion, ataxia and ocular signs
02 · INTERPRETSevere withdrawal with suspected Wernicke’s encephalopathy
03 · ACTTreat both emergencies and reassess alternative causes
SAFETY CHECK

What must remain explicit.

  • Use current local alcohol-withdrawal and parenteral-thiamine policies.
  • Monitor sedation, respiration, fluid and electrolyte status.
  • Do not use phenytoin routinely for alcohol-withdrawal seizures.
COMMON ERRORS

Where reasoning fails.

  • Diagnostic overshadowing
  • Oral prophylaxis for suspected Wernicke’s
  • Score-driven treatment without clinical review
STRUCTURED HANDOVER
Alcohol withdrawal risk with last use [time], withdrawal features/treatment [trend], Wernicke features and thiamine [time/route], competing causes [assessment] and monitoring/support plan [status].
REFLECTIVE PAUSE

Does your local pathway clearly distinguish thiamine prophylaxis from treatment of suspected Wernicke’s?